Oop concept 🥰

😍😇 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming method that uses objects and classes to design programs.

It helps to make programs easy to understand, reusable, and secure.

In OOP, everything is treated as an object.

🔹 Basic Concepts of OOP

1. Class

A class is a blueprint or template used to create objects.

👉 Example:

Think of a Car as a class.

Car has:

Color

Speed

Model

These are called properties (variables) and functions (methods).

Code: C++

class Car {

public:

    string color;

    int speed;

    void drive() {

        cout << "Car is driving";

    }

};

2. Object

An object is an instance of a class.

👉 Real-life Example:

If Car is a class, then BMW, Audi are objects.

C++  code

Car c1;

c1.color = "Red";

c1.speed = 100;

c1.drive();

Four Main Principles of OOP

3. Encapsulation

Encapsulation means binding data and functions together in a single unit (class).

It also protects data from unauthorized access using private access.

C++ code

class Student {

private:

    int marks;

public:

    void setMarks(int m) {

        marks = m;

    }

    int getMarks() {

        return marks;

    }

};

4. Abstraction

Abstraction means showing only necessary details and hiding internal details.

👉 Example: When you drive a bike, you don’t know how the engine works internally.

C++ code

class ATM {

public:

    void withdrawMoney() {

        cout << "Money Withdrawn";

    }

};

5. Inheritance

Inheritance allows one class to use properties and methods of another class.

👉 Example:

Child class inherits from Parent class.

C++  code

class Animal {

public:

    void eat() {

        cout << "Eating";

    }

};

class Dog : public Animal {

public:

    void bark() {

        cout << "Barking";

    }

};

• Code Reusability
• Less duplication

6. Polymorphism

Polymorphism means many forms.

It allows the same function to behave differently.

➤ Function Overloading

Same function name with different parameters.

C++ code

int add(int a, int b) {

    return a + b;

}

int add(int a, int b, int c) {

    return a + b + c;

}

➤ Function Overriding

Child class changes the behavior of parent class function.

C++ code

class Parent {

public:

    void show() {

        cout << "Parent class";

    }

};

class Child : public Parent {

public:

    void show() {

        cout << "Child class";

    }

};
🔹 Advantages of OOP

• Reusability
• Easy Maintenance
• Data Security
• Modularity
•  Real-world modeling

🔹 Disadvantages of OOP

• Complex for beginners
•  Requires more memory
• Takes more time to design